Prenatal diagnosis of heart disease.

Fetal echocardiography is a detailed examination of the fetal heart, its anatomy and function, performed with high frequency, high-resolution ultrasound probes. Advancements in echocardiographic technology have made possible accurate diagnosis of complex cardiac defects from a transabdominal approach, as early as 14-18 weeks of gestation, although optimal images are usually acquired at 20 weeks of gestation. Indications for fetal echocardiogram are maternal or fetal factors that place the fetus at increased risk for having heart defect but suspected cardiac abnormality on a level 1 scan is the most frequent referral indication and the one indication with the highest yield of positive fetal echocardiogram. Diagnosis of fetal heart disease can have major influences on the prenatnal and postnatal management and enables parents to prepare and plan for the birth of a child with a cardiac defect.