Pyelonephritis xanthogranulomatous in childhood: case report and literature review.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a specific form of chronic inflammatory kidney disease rarely seen in children. The Symptoms are often vague and non-specific

Objective: the aim of this paper is to return the particularities of imaging features in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, insisting on differential diagnosis with renal tumors, especially in case of no renal stone or tract obstruction evidence.

Methods: We report a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 2-year-old boy involving the lower renal pole which demonstrates the diagnostic difficulties encountered in this disease

Conclusions: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare condition in children and should be included in the differential diagnosis of a child presenting a renal mass.