Sequential fluorescent labeling observation of maxillary sinus augmentation by a tissue-engineered bone complex in canine model.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue-engineered bone complex of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs.

Methods: Autologous osteoblasts from adult Beagle dogs were cultured in vitro. They were further combined with beta-TCP to construct the tissue-engineered bone complex. 12 cases of maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery were made bilaterally in 6 animals and randomly repaired with the following 3 groups of materials: Group A (osteoblasts/beta-TCP); Group B (beta-TCP); Group C (autogenous bone) (n=4 per group). A polychrome sequential fluorescent labeling was performed post-operatively and the animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after operation for histological observation.

Results: Our results showed that autologous osteoblasts were successfully expanded and the osteoblastic phenol-types were confirmed by ALP and Alizarin red staining. The cells could attach and proliferate well on the surface of the beta-TCP scaffold. The fluorescent and histological observation showed that the tissue-engineered bone complex had an earlier mineralization and more bone formation inside the scaffold than beta-TCP along or even autologous bone. It had also maximally maintained the elevated sinus height than both control groups.

Conclusions: Porous beta-TCP has served as a good scaffold for autologous osteoblasts seeding. The tissue-engineered bone complex with beta-TCP and autologous osteoblasts might be a better alternative to autologous bone for the clinical edentulous maxillary sinus augmentation.