Minimization or avoidance of calcineurin inhibitors after renal transplantation

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are playing an important role in preventing acute rejection in renal transplantation; however, their nephrotoxicity may impact long-term renal allograft survival. Several CNI-sparing regimens (such as CNI-avoidance or CNI-minimization) have shown at least comparable efficacy with standard-dose CNI regimens. Research continues to achieve the "best" balance between efficacy and toxicity of available immunosuppressive regimens.