Hypoperfusion, shock states, and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

Cardiovascular dysfunction and failure are commonly encountered in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome. Accurate assessment and optimization of preload, afterload, and contractility are essential to restoring end-organ perfusion and maximizing patient survival. Application of a goal-directed resuscitation strategy, including abdominal decompression, when indicated, improves cardiac function, reverses end-organ failure, and minimizes intra-abdominal hypertension-related patient morbidity and mortality.