Recent applications of solid-phase extraction techniques for analysis of trace residues and contaminants in food

The determination of trace residues and contaminants in food often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to instrumental analysis. Due to the multiplicity and complexity of food matrices, it is not possible to use only one sample preparation technique. This review introduces the application of some new techniques of solid-phase extraction (SPE) in recent years, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) , immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction (IASPE), monolithic solid-phase extraction, carbon nanotube solid-phase extraction, in the analysis of trace residues and contaminants in food. At last, future developments in this field are outlined.