Psychological victimization as a risk factor for the developmental course of marriage.

The relative influences of psychological versus physical aggression on marital distress and dissolution were investigated in 102 community couples using growth curve modeling techniques. Both spouses were assessed six times over the first 7 years of marriage. For both husbands and wives, psychological aggression was significantly more detrimental to marital satisfaction than physical aggression, and only husbands' psychological aggression predicted dissolution. Additionally, psychological aggression and marital satisfaction trajectories demonstrated bidirectional influences. Among subtypes of psychological aggression, restrictive engulfment (social isolation and control) was uniquely detrimental to husbands' marital satisfaction, whereas denigration (belittling) was particularly detrimental for wives. Recommendations are provided for ways of conducting more comprehensive and nuanced assessments of psychological aggression and for clarifying the relative and additive influences of psychological and physical aggression in normative relationships.