Radiation damage in protein serial femtosecond crystallography using an x-ray free-electron laser.
Journal: Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter And Materials Physics
Published:
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers deliver intense femtosecond pulses that promise to yield high resolution diffraction data of nanocrystals before the destruction of the sample by radiation damage. Diffraction intensities of lysozyme nanocrystals collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source using 2 keV photons were used for structure determination by molecular replacement and analyzed for radiation damage as a function of pulse length and fluence. Signatures of radiation damage are observed for pulses as short as 70 fs. Parametric scaling used in conventional crystallography does not account for the observed effects.
Authors
Lukas Lomb, Thomas R Barends, Stephan Kassemeyer, Andrew Aquila, Sascha Epp, Benjamin Erk, Lutz Foucar, Robert Hartmann, Benedikt Rudek, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Robert Shoeman, Jakob Andreasson, Sasa Bajt, Miriam Barthelmess, Anton Barty, Michael Bogan, Christoph Bostedt, John Bozek, Carl Caleman, Ryan Coffee, Nicola Coppola, Daniel Deponte, R Doak, Tomas Ekeberg, Holger Fleckenstein, Petra Fromme, Maike Gebhardt, Heinz Graafsma, Lars Gumprecht, Christina Hampton, Andreas Hartmann, Günter Hauser, Helmut Hirsemann, Peter Holl, James Holton, Mark Hunter, Wolfgang Kabsch, Nils Kimmel, Richard Kirian, Mengning Liang, Filipe R N Maia, Anton Meinhart, Stefano Marchesini, Andrew Martin, Karol Nass, Christian Reich, Joachim Schulz, M Seibert, Raymond Sierra, Heike Soltau, John C Spence, Jan Steinbrener, Francesco Stellato, Stephan Stern, Nicusor Timneanu, Xiaoyu Wang, Georg Weidenspointner, Uwe Weierstall, Thomas White, Cornelia Wunderer, Henry Chapman, Joachim Ullrich, Lothar Strüder, Ilme Schlichting