The wonderful world of the windpipe: a review of central airway anatomy and pathology.
A variety of pathologic processes can involve the central airways. Abnormalities may either diffusely or focally involve the tracheal or mainstem bronchial walls. Diseases that diffusely involve the tracheal wall can be subclassified as sparing the membranous trachea or circumferentially involving the tracheal wall. Focal diseases of the trachea and mainstem bronchi include benign and malignant causes. Additionally, congenital and acquired morphologic abnormalities of the trachea will be reviewed.
Sarcoidosis, Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome, Brachydactyly Mononen Type, X-Linked Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda, Relapsing Polychondritis, Congenital Tracheomalacia, Primary Amyloidosis, Interstitial Lung Disease, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Tracheobronchomalacia, Chondrodystrophy, Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome, Tracheobronchopathia Osteoplastica, Vasculitis, Acute Interstitial Pneumonia, Acquired Tracheomalacia