Utility of Select Plasma MicroRNA for Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and serve as potential mediators and markers of disease. Recently, plasma miR-24-3p and miR-125a-5p concentrations were shown to be elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and useful for RA diagnosis. We assessed the utility of 7 candidate plasma miRNA, selected for biological relevance, for RA diagnosis and use as markers of disease activity and subclinical atherosclerosis in RA.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 168 patients with RA and 91 control subjects of similar age, race, and sex. Plasma concentrations of miR-15a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-223-3p were measured by quantitative PCR. Utility of plasma miRNA concentrations for RA diagnosis was assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Associations between plasma miRNA concentrations and RA disease activity and coronary artery calcium score were assessed by Spearman correlations.

Results: Plasma concentrations of miR-15a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-223-3p were significantly increased in patients with RA. The highest AUROC for diagnosis of RA (AUROC = 0.725) was found in miR-24-3p, including among rheumatoid factor-negative patients (AUROC = 0.772). Among all patients with RA, the combination of miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-125a-5p improved the model modestly (AUROC = 0.747). One miRNA, miR-155-5p, was weakly inversely associated with swollen joint count (p = 0.024), but no other miRNA were associated with disease activity or coronary artery calcium score.

Conclusions: The combination of miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-125a-5p had the strongest diagnostic accuracy for RA. Candidate miRNA had little or no association with RA disease activity or subclinical atherosclerosis.