Cementogenesis and osteogenesis in periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human transforming growth factor-β3 : a pilot study in Papio ursinus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate cementogenesis and alveolar bone induction during in vivo periodontal tissue regeneration upon implantation of hTGF-β3 in furcation defects of Papio ursinus and to evaluate the feasibility of gene expression studies. Materials and

Methods: Class II furcation defects (day 0) were prepared in mandibular first and second molars of three P. ursinus and on day 30 implanted with and without 75 μg hTGF-β3 in Matrigel® matrix. On day 0, 30 and 90, cementum and alveolar bone were harvested for gene expression analyses. Coral-derived bioreactors with and without 250 μg hTGF-β3 were implanted in the rectus abdominis to monitor tissue induction.

Results: hTGF-β3 induced cementogenesis with TGF-β3 , Cementum Protein-1 (Cemp1) and Osteocalcin (OC) up-regulation, and down-regulation of BMP-2 and OP-1. Matrigel® matrix specimens showed up-regulation of BMP-2, TGF-β3 , and OC, with down-regulation of OP-1 and Cemp1. hTGF-β3 induced alveolar bone with down-regulation of OP-1, TGF-β3 , OC, and Cemp1. hTGF-β3 bioreactors induced bone at the periphery only. BMP-3, BMP-4, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were up-regulated in the adjacent muscle with TGF-β2 down-regulation.

Conclusions: Cementogenesis and osteogenesis by hTGF-β3 entail the expression and up-regulation of TGF-β3 and OC with fine tuning and modulation of BMP-2 and OP-1.