Maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in the first trimester and adverse gestational outcomes

Background: Some disorders of pregnancy and newborn have been associated with vitamin D deficiency (25 (OH) D) in maternal serum. The pathophysiology of this relationship is unknown today.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether serum levels of vitamin D at the beginning of pregnancy are associated with gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 370 pregnant women at low obstetric risk randomly selected in our area (latitude 42 ° 20'N). The level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was determinate between 8 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. We studied the relationship between the status of vitamin D and gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age. The statistic analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 and 3.1 Epidat programs.

Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in this serie was 96.8%, 34.6% had severe deficiency. After adjusting for maternal and seasonal variables, we haven't found association between first trimester maternal serum vitamin D levels and pregnancy outcomes studied.

Conclusions: The pregnancy outcome was independent of the first trimester maternal serum 25(OH)D status.