Leydig cell tumour and giant adrenal myelolipoma associated with adrenogenital syndrome: a case report with a review of the literature.

Background: Male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) may develop bilateral testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs). These tumours, in most cases, regress with glucocorticoid therapy and their histological differentiation from Leydig-cell tumors is quite difficult.

Objective: The aim of this study was to differentiate the histological and clinical features of the TARTs from those of the Leydig-cell tumours.

Methods: The authors report a case of bilateral Leydig-cell tumour associated with giant bilateral adrenal myelolipoma in a male with adrenogenital syndrome who was submitted to a bilateral orchiectomy.

Results: Testicular neoplasia continue to grow despite adequate hormonal treatment and a bilateral orchiectomy was performed. The histopathological examination of the specimen ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral Leydig-cell tumour.

Conclusions: This case shows the importance of all the relevant examinations, blood chemistry analysis, and instrumental tests in the differential diagnosis of TARTs and other testicular tumours.