Early Enteral Nutrition Is Associated With Significantly Lower Hospital Charges in Critically Ill Children.

Background: Previous studies have shown that early enteral nutrition (EEN) is associated with lower mortality in critically ill children. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between EEN (provision of 25% of goal calories enterally over the first 48 hours) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and hospital charges in critically ill children.

Methods: We conducted a supplementary study to our previous multicenter retrospective study of nutrition and outcomes in critically ill patients who had a PICU length of stay (LOS) ≥96 hours for the years 2007-2008. From 2 centers, we obtained additional data for all charges incurred during the PICU and hospital stay, respectively, from administrative data sets at each institution.

Results: We obtained data for 859 patients who met the inclusion criteria (615 from the first center and 244 from the second center). In the combined data from both centers, total (P = .0006, adjusted for Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 [PIM-2] and center) and daily hospital charges (P < .001, adjusted for PIM-2 and center) were significantly lower in patients who met the EEN goal than in patients who did not. Hospital LOS did not differ between patients who met the EEN goal and patients who did not. A significant interaction between EEN and centers prevented any comparison of PICU charges, daily PICU charges, and PICU LOS between those patients who met the EEN goal and those who did not.

Conclusion: In critically ill children who stay in the PICU >96 hours, EEN is associated with significantly lower hospital charges.