Whole exome sequencing identifies both nuclear and mitochondrial variations in an Iranian family with non-syndromic hearing loss.

Genetic contributing factors to non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) are remarkably diverse spanning over autosomal to X-linked to mitochondrial inheritance patterns. Facing a quite unconventional pedigree, here we report implementation of whole exome sequencing (WES) to uncover mitochondrial pathogenic variant in a six-generation Iranian family with four cases affected with hereditary NSHL of variable severity. As a result, heteroplasmic transition of A to G at position 1555 of MT-RNR1 gene was identified in all affected individuals co-existing with nuclear c.28G > T (p.A10S) variant in the TRMU gene, only in some patients. The reliability of WES to infer nuclear as well as mitochondrial variants in hearing loss were discussed.