"Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD": Correction to Knouse, Teller, and Brooks (2017).
: Reports an error in "Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD" by Laura E. Knouse, Jonathan Teller and Milan A. Brooks (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2017[Jul], Vol 85[7], 737-750). There were errors in Tables 1 and 2, Figures 2 and 3, and in related values reported in the abstract, Results, and Discussion section. These errors occurred because effect sizes from two studies comparing CBT to active control had been coded to represent better outcomes for the CBT group when, in these instances, outcomes for the control group were slightly better. However, because these effect sizes were not significantly different from zero, impact on calculated overall effect sizes for CBT treatment versus control was minimal. Calculations of pre-to-post effect sizes were not affected and the overall interpretation of the results remains unchanged. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2017-21394-001.)
Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) studies for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), examining effects versus control and effects pre-to-post treatment to maximize the clinical and research utility of findings from this growing literature.
Methods: Eligible studies tested adults meeting criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD as determined by interview or using a standardized rating scale and measured ADHD symptoms or related impairment at baseline and posttreatment. We analyzed data from 32 studies from published and unpublished sources available through December 2015. Effect size calculations included up to 896 participants.
Results: Using a random effects model, we found that CBTs had medium-to-large effects from pre- to posttreatment (self-reported ADHD symptoms: g = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.84, 1.16]; self-reported functioning g = .73; 95% CI [0.46, 1.00]) and small-to-medium effects versus control (g = .65; 95% CI [0.44, 0.86] for symptoms, .51; 95% CI [0.23, 0.79] for functioning). Effect sizes were heterogeneous for most outcome measures. Studies with active control groups showed smaller effect sizes. Neither participant medication status nor treatment format moderated pre-to-post treatment effects, and longer treatments were not associated with better outcomes.
Conclusions: Current CBTs for adult ADHD show comparable effect sizes to behavioral treatments for children with ADHD, which are considered well-established treatments. Future treatment development could focus on identifying empirically supported principles of treatment-related change for adults with ADHD. We encourage researchers to report future findings in a way that is amenable to meta-analytic review. (PsycINFO Database Record