CABG: A continuing evolution.

Use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has had a resurgence, as clinical trial data emerged showing that it remains the standard of care for patients with complex lesions. Debate exists regarding various factors, including endoscopic vs open vein-graft harvesting, single vs bilateral mammary artery grafts, radial artery vs saphenous vein grafts, right internal mammary artery vs radial artery grafts, and on-pump vs off-pump surgery. More recent developments include minimally invasive approaches, robotics, and hybrid revascularization, which are changing the risk-benefit ratio for this patient population.