Bone loss in the affected forearm in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: a controlled study.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between lymphedema and bone mass density (BMD) of affected and unaffected forearms in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). We also explored whether there was a relationship between any disability and BMD on the affected side.

Methods: We evaluated 111 patients (53.75 ± 9.07) with unilateral lymphedema (group 1) and 61 patients (50.90 ± 12.44) without lymphedema (group 2) after breast cancer surgery. BMD was performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in lumbar spine, femoral neck, and distal forearm on both sides. Functional situation was assessed by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire.

Results: The total Z score (p = 0.018), T score (p = 0.005), and BMD value (p = 0.014) were lower in the affected forearm than the unaffected forearm in group 1. There was no difference between the affected or unaffected sides in the total Z score (p = 0.394), T score (p = 0.518), and BMD value (p = 0.629) in group 2. The DXA measurements in terms of the total forearm Z, T scores, and BMD value on the affected side were statistically significantly different between the groups. There was no difference between groups in the femur neck and lumbar total Z and T scores. There was also a positive correlation between the QuickDASH scores and lymphedema stage (r = 0.469, p = 0.001) and the duration without treatment of lymphedema (r = 0.298, p = 0.02) in group 1.

Conclusions: We recommend early diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema for the protection of upper extremity disability and localized osteoporosis in patients with BCRL.