Identification of Several Toxic Metal Ions Using a Colorimetric Sensor Array.

Water pollution by toxic metal ions is a worldwide environmental and health problem, and therefore monitoring of toxic metal ions in water resources is highly desired. In this chapter, we describe a simple colorimetric sensor array for simultaneous detection of multiple toxic heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Al3+, Cu2+, and Cr3+) in water. This assay is produced by using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and five amino acids (lysine, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, and arginine). The presence of amino acids can enhance or diminish the aggregation MUA-capped AuNPs with metal ions. The color change of the sensor array after aggregation in some of the channels creates unique response patterns for each metal ion.