Dysgerminoma in a Prepubertal Girl with Complete 46XY Gonadal Dysgenesis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Complete 46XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare and challenging diagnosis among prepubertal girls, as estrogen insufficiency becomes evident only during adolescence, with nonspecific symptoms such as primary amenorrhea and/or delayed puberty. Unfortunately, girls with Swyer syndrome are at high risk for malignancies in the dysgenetic gonads, which can be prevented only by performing prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy.

Methods: We present a 9-year-old patient with Swyer syndrome diagnosed with dysgerminoma in the right gonad and gonadoblastoma in the left gonad after prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy.

Conclusions: Concerning the high risk of early gonadoblastoma and its malignant transformation, we recommend performing prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy at the time of diagnosis, even if the patient is prepubertal.