Structural, functional and digestibility characteristics of sorghum and corn starch extrudates (RS3) as affected by cold storage time.

The aim of the study was to compare the properties of resistant starch (RS3) formed during extrusion of corn and sorghum starches. The extrudates were stored for 7 and 14 days at 4 °C to allow for molecular rearrangement i.e. retrogradation. The extruded starches were analyzed for enzymatic digestibility, long range (X-ray diffraction, XRD) and short range (FTIR) molecular order, thermal characteristics (DSC) and rheological properties as affected by temperature. The highest RS (70.64%) was obtained for sorghum extrudate (ES14) as compared to corn extrudate (EC14) (64.90%), on 14th day of storage. The increase in RS correlates with the increase in percent crystallinity (%Xc), too. The (ES14) reported the highest %Xc among all extrudates i.e.37.83. The XRD results showed an additional peak at 13° and 20°, reflecting the formation of V-type pattern in all samples. The FTIR spectroscopy also exhibited increase in the ratio of 1047 cm-1/1151 cm-1 and 1047 cm-1/1022 cm-1. The extruded starch showed significantly higher thermal stability and lower cold paste viscosity. The significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the glycemic index was obtained as the storage time increased. The (ES14) exhibited glycemic index equal to (EC14) i.e.55.53 and 52.53, respectively; thereby making it a suitable substitute of corn starch.