Crossed testicular ectopia: Case report with review of literature.

Background: Crossed testicular ectopia is a rare form of urogenital anomalies in which both testes are migrated and descend through a single inguinal canal, one or both testes may be ectopic in the abdomen, the inguinal region or descent to the hemi-scrotum with empty contralateral hemi-scrotum.

Methods: A 1.5-year-old male patient had an empty left scrotum with no palpable testis in the inguinal region with a palpable testis in the right scrotum with palpable other testis in the right inguinal region. Ultrasound examination showed the right testis in the right scrotum and another testis measuring in the right inguinal region giving suggestion of both testes in the right side. During operation two testes was found in the right inguinal region with two small indirect inguinal sacs. Herniotomy was performed for both sacs. The right testis was placed and fixed in the right hemi-scrotum and the left testis was fixed in the left hemi-scrotum through trans-septal window.

Conclusions: During surgery, the surgeon should adopt a conservative approach to preserve the fertility. Trans-septal orchiopexy or extra-peritoneal transposition orchiopexy is advised. In case of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, preservation of the Müllerian remnants is recommended to preserve blood supply to the vas deferens and testis. Karyotyping may be required in some cases specially if associated with other congenital anomalies of the genitalia. Patients usually need long term follow up because such patients may have future fertility problems and there is an increased risk of the development of testicular cancer.