Carotid Plaque Inflammation Assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT and Lp-PLA2 Is Higher in Symptomatic Patients.

Carotid plaque inflammation assessed by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are higher in symptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between 18F-FDG uptake on PET scan of carotid artery plaques, plasma levels of Lp-PLA2, and cerebrovascular symptoms. The study included 45 consecutive patients (22 symptomatic, 23 asymptomatic) with >70% carotid stenosis. Patients were examined by hybrid PET/CT, and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were recorded. Blood samples were obtained, and plasma was stored at -80 °C for subsequent Lp-PLA2 analysis. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients showed no significant difference in classical cardiovascular risk factors. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients more frequently had a history of coronary artery disease (P = .025) and peripheral artery disease (P = .012). The symptomatic group had higher 18F-FDG uptake in carotid plaques (P < .001), higher plasma Lp-PLA2 (P < .01), and higher high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P = .022). 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake on PET/CT and plasma Lp-PLA2 show a statistically significant association with the symptomatic status of carotid plaques.