Incidence, Diagnosis, and Management of Neuromas Following Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment: a Narrative Review.

Objective: To determine the epidemiology of neuroma formation as a complication following radiofrequency ablation for chronic pain conditions as well as reviewing the diagnosis and management of neuromas.

Methods: Evidence-based narrative review and critical appraisal of literature.

Results: A comprehensive review of the literature generated one case report describing neuroma formation following lumbar facet medial branch radiofrequency denervation. The rare incidence may be explained by neuroma pathophysiology and peripheral nerve injury produced by radiofrequency ablation, in combination with its asymptomatic nature. Diagnosis of neuromas is predominantly confirmed by clinical history and physical exam with potential for nerve blocks or imaging. Ultrasound has been suggested as a primary imaging modality with magnetic resonance imaging as a secondary option. Neuroma management ranges from conservative therapy to surgery with varying success rates.

Conclusions: Neuroma formation following radiofrequency ablation procedures is exceedingly rare and could be a hypothetical concern in clinical practice. However, the true incidence may be inaccurate given the asymptomatic nature of neuromas.