The Diagnosis and Indication for Surgical Treatment in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease(PD), a neurodegenerative disorder is caused due to damage in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain. The disease is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and bradykinesia. PD is a systemic disease associated with non-motor manifestations such as autonomic neuropathy, depression, behavioral disorders, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and sensory disorders. Diagnosis of PD was based on the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria. However, new diagnostic criteria were recently proposed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society in 2015. This paper describes the diagnosis and drug therapies in Parkinson's disease and discusses the criteria and timing of surgical treatment for the advanced stage of Parkinson's disease.