Abnormal urate transport in patients with intracranial disease.

Based on our demonstration of a high incidence of hypouricemia, tubular urate transport abnormality, and cerebral atrophy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we performed prospective renal clearance studies in 29 consecutive neurosurgical patients with intracranial diseases of multiple etiologies to test our hypothesis that patients with intracranial disorders had defective tubular urate transport. Similar studies were performed in 21 age-matched controls. None of the subjects had serum creatinine greater than 123.8 mumol/L (1.4 mg/dL), sickle cell or liver diseases, or received intravenous fluid or uricosuric drugs at the time of study. Seven patients had no surgical procedures, 12 were studied after a neurosurgical procedure, and 10 had preoperative and postoperative studies. Ten had more than one postoperative study. Twelve had 24-hour urine collections. We found that 18 of 29 patients had elevated fractional excretion (FE) of urate greater than 10%. There was no difference in preoperative and postoperative FE urate by nonpaired t test for all patients and by paired t test in the 10 patients who had preoperative and postoperative studies performed. Seven patients had hypouricemia, defined as serum urate less than or equal to 0.18 mmol/L (3 mg/dL). Only one had hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 130 mmol/L). Urate excretion averaged 3.6 +/- 0.32 mmol (603 +/- 52.7 mg)/24 h, suggesting that the hypouricemia was not due to decreased urate production. None of the medications or surgical procedures could be considered to have caused the urate transport abnormality, nor was it associated with any specific intracranial location or type of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)