Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation

The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare aneurysmatic cerebrovascular malformation in newborns and children. The VGAM results from an arteriovenous fistula between the persistent vein of Markowski (embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen) and deep choroidal arteries. The VGAM is the most common noncardiac cause of high-output cardiac failure in newborns. It may also cause hemorrhage, seizures, and liquor malabsorption resulting in hydrocephalus. Preferred treatment of VGAM is transarterial embolization (TAE) to reduce the arteriovenous shunt volume and allow normal brain development.