Implementation of a robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation protocol for a customized treatment after stroke: A retrospective analysis.

Many authors have emphasized the need for individualized treatments in rehabilitation, but no tailored robotic rehabilitation protocol for stroke patients has been established yet. To evaluate the effectiveness of a robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation protocol based on clinical assessment for customized treatment of stroke patients. Clinical data from 81 patients with subacute stroke, undergoing an upper limb robot-mediated rehabilitation, were analyzed retrospectively. 49 patients were treated using a customized robotic protocol (experimental group, EG) based on a clinically guided flowchart, while 32 were treated without it (control group, CG). Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Motricity Index (MI), modified Barthel Index (mBI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) measured before (T0) and after (T1) rehabilitation intervention were used as clinical outcomes. There was statistically significant improvement in both groups in terms of FMA-UE, MI, and mBI, while no change in NRS. Intergroup analysis showed significantly greater improvement of the FMA-UE (P = 0.002) and MI (P < 0.001) in the EG, compared with the CG. The implementation of our robotic protocol for customized treatment of stroke patients yielded greater recovery in upper limb motor function and strength over robotic treatment without a defined protocol.