Tranexamic acid-loaded catechol-modified hyaluronic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan double cross-linked porous gel micropowders for rapid hemostasis and wound healing.

Acquiring rapid and effective hemostasis remains a critical clinical challenge. Current researches focus on concentrating blood components to speed up the hemostatic while ignore the effect of anti-fibrinolysis in promoting blood coagulation. Herein, we designed a novel tranexamic acid (TA)-loaded physicochemical double cross-linked multifunctional catechol-modified hyaluronic acid-dopamine/carboxymethyl chitosan porous gel micropowders (TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs) for rapid hemostasis and wound healing. TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs exhibited high water absorption rate (505.9 ± 62.1 %) and rapid hemostasis (79 ± 4 s) in vivo. Catechol groups, Fe3+ and the protonated amino groups of CMCS induced bacterial death. Moreover, TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs displayed sufficient adhesion to a variety of wet rat tissues. TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs on various bleeding wounds, including rat liver injury and tail severed models showed excellent hemostasis performance. The TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs could promote the healing of full-thickness skin wounds on the backs of rats. The advantages of TA&Fe3+@HA-DA/CMCS PGMs including rapid hemostasis, effective wound healing, good tissue adhesion, antibacterial properties and ease of use make it potentially valuable in clinical application.