Crocin as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis: insights from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to neurological dysfunction. Despite advances in treatment, there remains an unmet need for safe and effective therapies. Crocin, a bioactive constituent of saffron, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties in various disease models. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Crocin in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice were induced with EAE and treated with different doses of Crocin. Clinical severity, CNS pathology, T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and transcription factor expression were assessed. Crocin-treated mice showed reduced clinical severity, inflammation, and demyelination in the CNS compared to controls. Moreover, Crocin attenuated T cell proliferation and modulated cytokine production, promoting an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Crocin altered the expression of transcription factors associated with T cell differentiation, favoring regulatory T cell responses. These findings suggest that Crocin exerts therapeutic effects in EAE by modulating neuroinflammation and immune responses. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Crocin's immunomodulatory properties and its potential as a treatment for MS.