Associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence in US adults.

Background: Associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) remain unclear. We performed this study to investigate the associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and UUI.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis using data from the 2005 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged ≥20 years were included. The use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes and symptoms of nocturia and UUI were self-reported. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (AORs) of nocturia and UUI for cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use. Subgroup analyses were conducted among participants with prostate cancer.

Results: Compared to never cigarette users, current and former cigarette users had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.23; AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.24; all p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39; AOR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.24; all p<0.01). Compared to never e-cigarette users, current e-cigarette users had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.01-2.02; p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.13-2.16; p<0.01) and former e-cigarette users had higher odds of UUI (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.62; p<0.05). Dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.03-2.51; p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.68; p<0.01) compared to never users. In participants with prostate cancer, current cigarette use was associated with higher odds of UUI (AOR=2.40; 95% CI: 1.04-5.57; p<0.05.

Conclusions: This study found that cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use were associated with higher odds of nocturia and UUI. Cohort studies are needed to determine the causality of this cross-sectional assessment.