Hypertension and Burden of Myocardial Infarction in China: Risk Factors, Gender Differences, and Temporal Trends from a National Chronic Disease Surveillance Study (2021-2023).

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with rising prevalence in China. Hypertension persists as a predominant modifiable risk factor. This study investigates MI prevalence, trends, and risk factors using data from China CDC's Chronic Disease Surveillance program. Data from 258,742 participants (2021-2023) were analyzed. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and gender/urban-rural disparities in MI prevalence were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression identified significant risk factors. Hypertension was the leading MI risk factor (64.3%), followed by dyslipidemia (58.6%) and smoking (42.3%). Men had higher MI prevalence than women (58.2% vs. 41.8%), and urban residents surpassed rural residents (56.7% vs. 43.3%), with significant lifestyle disparities (e.g., physical inactivity, smoking). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥60 years (OR = 2.75, 95% CI:2.46-3.08), hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity (BMI ≥25) as key risk factors. MI incidence increased by 3.14% nationally from 2021 to 2023. China's MI burden is escalating, with notable gender, age, and residence disparities. Older adults and individuals with hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, or obesity face elevated risks. Hypertension contributes to nearly two-thirds of MI cases, emphasizing the urgency for targeted prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk groups (hypertensive individuals, older adults, urban populations).