Rising representation: Trends in female urology residency and fellowship matches over the past decade.

Objective: To study gender trends among American Urological Association-matched residency and fellowship applicants over the past decade.

Methods: Match statistics for residency and fellowship subspecialties from 2014 to 2024 were analyzed by gender. Trends in proportion of matched slots occupied by female applicants in residency and fellowship were analyzed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess trend direction and strength.

Results: A total of 7,273 applicants participated in the AUA matches. Of these, 26.9 ​% were female. The proportion of matched slots occupied by female applicants in the total cohort increased from 20.8 ​% in 2016 to 41.0 ​% in 2024 (ρ ​= ​0.94, p ​< ​0.001). Female applicants showed a significant increase in both numbers (ρ ​= ​0.89, p ​< ​0.001) and match rates (ρ ​= ​0.75, p ​= ​0.007) across residency and fellowship cohorts.

Conclusions: There is a significant rise in female representation among urology residents and fellows. The increase seen in residency may serve as a predictor for future continued growth in fellowship representation.