Technosphere insulin in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing Technosphere Insulin and traditional ultra-rapid insulin in T1DM.

Methods: Researchers conducted a systematic search on databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two insulin regimens-TI and RAI -in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The outcomes of interest included changes in HbA1c levels, body weight, and rates of overall and severe hypoglycemia.

Results: Four RCTs were included. There was no significant difference between groups on change in HbA1c (MD 0.04; 95 % CI -0.19-0.27; p = 0.74; I2 = 0 %). In terms of body weight change, the TI group exhibited significantly less (MD -1.05; 95 % CI -1.63 to -0.46; p = 0.0005; I2 = 0 %) compared to the RAI group. Adverse events such as overall hypoglycemia (RR -0.97; 95 % CI 0.94-1.01; p = 0.24; I2 = 26 %) and severe hypoglycemia (RR 0.63; 95 % CI 0.46-0.87; p = 0.005; I2 = 0 %), were significantly more frequent in the RAI group.

Conclusions: The use of Technosphere Insulin (TI) in T1DM patients did not show a difference in HbA1c, suggesting that TI may offer advantages in weight stability and a lower incidence of hypoglycemic events compared to rapid-acting insulin (RAI).