Sexual Minority Stigma, Avoidance, Social Support, and Depression Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.

Sexual minority stigma contributes to mental health disparities among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. This study examined how stigma, social avoidance, and social support influence depression in MSM in order to identify intervention targets. A purposive sampling strategy recruited 586 MSM (M[age] = 29.40; SD = 9.54) via an online survey on Blued, China, with 19.3% reporting moderately severe or severe depression. Linear regression analyzed the associations between stigma (perceived and enacted) and depression, while mediation and moderated mediation analyses explored the roles of social avoidance and social support. Perceived stigma was linked to depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly via social avoidance, while enacted stigma had a direct association without mediation. Social support moderated relationships between stigma and depression but unexpectedly intensified the impact of social avoidance on depressive symptoms when medium or high. The findings suggest that social support, as observed, may inadequately address stigma-induced avoidance, potentially reinforcing isolation rather than alleviating it in a hetero-centric context of China. Mental health interventions should prioritize reducing stigma-driven avoidance and fostering diverse, empowering support systems. Public health efforts to combat stigma and strengthen community-based networks are critical for improving mental health among MSM.