Analysis of Hirsutism as a Symptom of Ihtibās al-Tamth (Amenorrhea) and its Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Hirsutism, defined as excessive terminal hair growth in females in a male pattern, is a significant clinical manifestation of increased androgen. Unani scholars such as Hippocrates, Haly Abbas, Rhazes, and Avicenna linked hirsutism with menstrual irregularities, specifically Ihtibās al-Tamth (Amenorrhea). Modern medicine also associates hirsutism with hyperandrogenism, a hallmark of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), among other conditions. This study aims to explore the understanding of hirsutism from both Unani classical literature and modern medical perspectives, particularly its connection with amenorrhea and virilism. This study employed a comprehensive review approach, analyzing Unani classical texts to gather data on hirsutism, amenorrhea, and PCOS. Key historical texts were scrutinized for their insights into hair formation and its relationship with reproductive health. Additionally, electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct were explored for research studies (published between 2000 and 2024) that evaluate the concept of hair formation within the framework of Unani medicine. The key words used for the literature search were Amenorrhoea, PCOS, Ihtibās al-Tamth, Hirsutism, hyperandrogenism. In Unani medicine, amenorrhea is thought to cause hirsutism due to retained menstrual blood converting to vapors expelled as hair. In the modern view, hyperandrogenism from ovarian, adrenal, or idiopathic sources results in excess hair growth. Herbs like Juniperus communis and Zingiber officinale can help regulate menstrual cycles and induce ovulation. Untreated amenorrhea and hirsutism may lead to metabolic issues, masculinization, and reproductive disorders. Unani literature provides a valuable historical framework that parallels contemporary biomedical approaches to hirsutism. The classical interpretation of hair growth aligns with the modern pathophysiology of hyperandrogenism, particularly in PCOS. Further integrative research is required to enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for hirsutism across traditional and modern medical domains.