Exploring the frontier of dental education: a cross-sectional study of VR simulation and manikin-based training at Ziauddin university.

Background: Dental education blends theoretical concepts with practical tasks, where preclinical simulations using manikins have long been integral. However, the limitations of manikin-based training, such as cost, material restrictions, and inter-rater reliability concerns, have led to the integration of emerging technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance learning. VR provides an immersive environment to practice clinical skills, offering potential flexibility, engagement, and tactile learning advantages. This study compares dental students' perceptions of VR and manikin training at Ziauddin University, Karachi.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin University College of Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan, involving 229 dental students enrolled in various levels of the BDS program. A structured questionnaire assessed students' experiences and perceptions of VR simulation and manikin training. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22, with descriptive statistics and independent T-tests to evaluate differences in perception across student groups.

Results: Both VR and manikin training were effective in improving learning. Manikins were preferred for realistic clinical scenarios, while VR was favored for engagement and tactile learning. 68.6% of students found both methods equally useful for reinforcing knowledge, 77.7% felt more confident after manikin training, and 97.4% found VR effective for understanding tooth textures.

Conclusions: This study highlights the complementary strengths of VR and manikin-based training in dental education. Both methods should be integrated to provide a more effective and well-rounded learning experience. Further research is needed to explore VR's cost-effectiveness and use in resource-limited settings.