COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Knowledge, Attitudes and Socio-Demographic Factors of General Population: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine offers the most effective means to control the pandemic. Understanding vaccine acceptance is crucial due to high levels of vaccine hesitancy and relatively low vaccination coverage. The aim of this study is to assess the general population's knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: An explanatory mixed-method approach was used among the general population attending outpatient services at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 369 eligible individuals encountered during the data collection period were included. Their knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using a self-structured questionnaire. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Statistical analyses included mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR), and correlation coefficients.

Results: Among the 369 participants, 226 (61.2%) demonstrated moderate knowledge, while 241 (65.3%) exhibited a favorable attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. A positive correlation between knowledge and attitude was observed (r = 0.114, p = 0.029). Participants perceived the vaccine as a means to prevent infection, build immunity, and ensure safety. Hesitancy stemmed from concerns about side effects, age, health issues, fear of needles, lack of awareness, and media influence.

Conclusions: The primary factor driving vaccine hesitancy was fear of adverse effects following vaccination. Misinformation and fear are significant barriers to achieving global vaccination goals, requiring targeted interventions to enhance awareness and acceptance.