Issues and controversies in venous thromboembolism.

This paper gives specific recommendations on a number of issues in venous thromboembolism: how to evaluate idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT); how to treat calf vein thrombosis and upper-extremity DVT; how to use low-molecular-weight heparin, vena cava filters, catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy, and compression stockings; how long to continue anticoagulation therapy; and how to manage recurrent DVT.