Managed care: where do we go from here?

(1) HMO enrollment reached 83.7 million in 1997. (2) Enrollment in preferred provider organizations (PPOs) reached 89.1 million in 1997. (3) Insurance companies own 60.4 percent of PPOs. (4) Fifteen of the top 25 HMO plans are nonprofits. (5) There were 757 licensed HMOs and 1,035 PPOs operating in the United States in 1997. (6) Managed care enrolled 46.7 percent of the Medicaid population at the end of 1997 (14.6 million people). (7) HMOs enrolled 14.9 percent of the Medicare population in 1997 (5.6 million people). (8) After actually decreasing 1.3 percent in 1997 (from $434 to $429 for family coverage), health maintenance organizations' (HMOs) average monthly premiums are rising to an estimated $460 in 1999.