The syndrome of hereditary multiple gastrointestinal atresias is characterized by multiple and widespread atresias from pylorus to rectum, intraluminal calcifications on plain abdominal roentgenogram, and an invariably fatal course with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We review 18 cases reported in the literature and one additional case in an infant with imperforate anus. The anatomical and histological characteristics of the atresias suggest a failure of recanalization of the embryonic intestinal lumen. The association between multiple atresias and imperforate anus supports the hypothesis that this disorder is a malformation syndrome caused by a defect in the development of the gastrointestinal tract.