Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of CML. However, for a minority of patients who fail TKI or progress to advanced phase disease, allo-SCT remains the only therapeutic option. This review addresses the current indications for allo-SCT in CML and the role of conditioning (myeloablative vs reduced intensity), donor source (sibling vs volunteer unrelated donor), graft source (BM vs peripheral blood vs cord) and the value of pre-, peri- and post transplant use of TKI in the management of CML.