Background: To compare anterior scleral thickness (AST) in Turkish patients with open-angle glaucoma (primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG)) with healthy controls.

Methods: This prospective study involved 41 patients with PEG, 69 patients with POAG, and 46 healthy controls. We obtained spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images from the nasal and temporal quadrants and made AST measurements of 1 mm (AST), 2 mm (AST2), 3 mm (AST3), and 4 mm (AST4) posterior to the scleral spur (SS). Schlemm's canal (SC) diameter and area measurements were performed using the ImageJ software. The results were compared statistically.

Results: The average ASTs of the groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05 for each). The analysis of the nasal SC diameter revealed a significant decrease in the POAG group in comparison with the PEG group, with no difference observed between the POAG and control groups (p = 0.038*). The mean nasal and temporal SC area was significantly smaller in the PEG and POAG groups compared with the control group (p < 0.001** and p < 0.001**, respectively).

Conclusions: There was no significant difference in nasal and temporal AST between groups; however, the SC area was found to be smaller in glaucoma groups compared with healthy controls. The present findings should be supported by further studies.