Whether associated with panretinal photocoagulation, scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, intraocular gases or silicone oil injection, transient or sustained elevation of IOP is a frequent complication following vitreoretinal procedures and may be produced by numerous mechanisms. Among the different primary and secondary glaucomas of both closed and open angle type which may occur, silicone oil glaucoma probably raises the most difficult concerns and frequently requires aggressive medical and surgical management with most often modest chances of success. This presentation will focus on the different mechanisms, the risk factors, the clinical diagnosis and the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma resulting from the different vitreoretinal procedures.