Objective: This article aims to provide a review of demyelinating optic neuritis as a presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis, clinical features, management options, and recent literature.

Results: To date, several questions remain to be unsolved relating to the presentation, treatment, and implications of optic neuritis. Although some authors recommend high-dose corticosteroids for the treatment of acute demyelinating optic neuritis, there is still no consensus relating to corticosteroids treatment including the dosage and length of treatment. Studies have shown that the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) after presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome including optic neuritis is increased in patients with an abnormal brain MRI. Better diagnostic tools are needed to precisely predict the conversion to MS and the factors influencing disease severity to determine the most appropriate therapeutic paradigm and avoid unnecessary treatment.

Conclusions: Management of optic neuritis presenting as a demyelinating first event still remains inconclusive relating to the acute management and long-term treatment. But recent literature suggests high-dose corticosteroids for acute treatment and disease-modifying treatments may be a valuable option for long-term treatment. However, decision is very individualized and is based on the clinical and imaging findings of the patient.