Bortezomib (BTZ) is generally used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma; however, one of the significant limiting complications of BTZ is painful peripheral neuropathy observed during BTZ therapy. There is a lack of drugs which can prevent and/or treat the painful symptoms induced by BTZ, as the underlying molecular mechanism leading to neuropathic pain remains largely unclear. In the present study, we examined engagement of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in neuropathic pain induced by BTZ in rats. Our results demonstrated that systemic injection of BTZ increased mechanical pain and cold sensitivity as compared with control animals (P less than 0.05 vs control rats). Our data further showed that blocking respective PAR2 and TRPA1 attenuated mechanical pain and cold sensitivity observed in control rats and BTZ rats (P less than 0.05 vs vehicle control). Notably, the attenuating effect of blocking PAR2 and TRPA1 on mechanical pain and cold sensitivity was significantly less in BTZ rats than that in control rats. In addition, protein expression of PAR2 and TRPA1 was upregulated in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion of BTZ rats, and inhibition of PAR2 decreased the levels of TRPA1 and attenuated its downstream pathways (namely, PKCɛ and PKA). Overall, we revealed specific signaling pathways leading to neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapeutic BTZ and that blocking PAR2 and TRPA1 in sensory nerves is beneficial to improve neuropathic pain during BTZ intervention.