Histone acetylation is currently one of the epigenetic mechanisms that have been extensively and profoundly studied, and is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.Histone acetylation/deacetylation refers to the addition/removal of acetyl groups on histone lysine residues under the action of histone acetyltransferase (HAT)/histone deacetylase (HDAC), and is read by BET proteins, influencing gene transcription. In recent years, an increasing amount of evidence has indicated that histone acetylation plays a vital role in neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is an unresolved medical issue for which no effective treatment measures are available.Therefore, This article, from a novel perspective of HAT, HDAC, and BET proteins, deeply exploresthe mechanism of histone acetylation in various neuropathic pain models. The study found that HAT, HDAC, and BET proteins,at multiple levels, affect the expression of proteins such as ion channels, chemokines.and inflammatory factors through gene regulatory mechanisms. Based on this, future research can focus on the drug development targeting HAT, HDAC, and BET proteins, with the expectation of achieving more precise and effective regulation of neuropathic pain at the genetic level.