Methods: This was a case report. Objective: This is a case report of common peroneal nerve compression resembling sciatica caused by muscle herniation through the gastrocnemius muscle fascia in the popliteal area.

Background: A review of the literature revealed various causes of nerve compression of the lower extremity that resembles symptoms of sciatica (pseudoradiculopathy). There is, however, no report of pseudoradiculopathy caused by gastrocnemius muscle herniation in the popliteal area.

Methods: The diagnosis of muscle herniation was confirmed during an exploratory operation of the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal area after other possible causes for L5 radiculopathy such as disc herniation and nerve root compression in the lumbar spine were ruled out by various imaging tests.

Results: Complete relief of symptoms was obtained after the torn gastrocnemius fascia was repaired.

Conclusions: An unusual case of pseudoradicular symptoms is presented caused by compression of the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal area by gastrocnemius muscle herniation.