In this review craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leading to abnormal skull development. It can occur as a non-syndromal condition or be associated with craniofacial syndromes and learning difficulties. The condition affects 1 in 1.300-2.500 newborns. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and radiological confirmation. Surgery is the primary treatment. It is important to distinguish craniosynostosis from positional plagiocephaly to ensure appropriate management and treatment.