Background: We present 4 local cases of nocardiosis in HIV-infected patients and discuss the diagnosis, clinical syndromes and therapy of nocardiosis.

Methods: Two cases presented with pulmonary nocardiosis, one had a cervical lymph node abscess and one had disseminated nocardiosis with pulmonary, cerebral and soft tissue involvement. Methods: Combination therapy is often employed. Sulphonamides or co-trimoxazole, amikacin, imipenen, minocycline and ceftriaxone are some of the drugs that could be used.

Results: Outcome hinges on the early recognition and optimal treatment of this infection.

Conclusions: Clinical presentations vary and diagnosis is difficult and frequently delayed. Nocardiosis should be suspected in patients who present with pulmonary lesions with soft tissue and/or cerebral abscesses.